public of China, but economically, it has enjoyed independent economic system from China with the system of market-based capitalist economy. That’s why business men in Hong Kong are playing the role as network chains of Chinese economic regions without any economic restriction from the government. In addition, considering the fact the Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) are the essential pillar t
reform program was at least partly sharped by external circumstances, it might be difficult to adopt the methods of doi moi in a country whose foreign relations awe too dissimilar from that of post-1986 Vietnam. For example, Vietnamese and North Korean foreign policies have had little in common in the last two decades, and this difference may have been interrelated with the dramatic contrast betw
Ⅰ. Introduction
According to Perry there is a particular predisposition in publicsector called PSM Acronym of Public Service Motivation
.(Perry, 1990) PSM is an altruistic motivation to serve for the people and nation. It is a essence of intrinsic motivation what public officials must have and try to have. However recent event Gwanpia Gwanpia, A.K.A 관피아 is combination of words Gwan,
public enterprise leaders are Gwanfia. According to the data from Minsung-Kim, member of National Assembly, financial associations appoint ex-public officials of MOSF or FSC as a chairman or director and provide them with high salary. In this context, the President Park criticized that Gwanfia results from the cozy relations (between politics, government and the business), exclusive culture of p
Finance and real economy aspect
Major economic indicator
Stock market
High debt + budget deficit
distrust of world market
PSI20 index decrease sharply
But, increase a bit b.o tight financing policy
Background of the crisis
Huge welfare expenditure
Too many public service personnel
Industrial structure focused on service
Bad effect of Euro
by 2003.
1. Economy-related Action
to suppress Tobacco Consumption
2. Non-Economy-related Action
to suppress Smoking
3. Public Health Education to reformPublic
Consciousness
4. Regulation for Tobacco Advertisement
5. Regulation for Tobacco Supply
6. Legislating Teenage Protection Law
7. Register System to retail Tobacco
8. Protection for Tobacco Growing Farm
1. Introduction
1) background and purpose of study
Germany and Republic Of Korea have similialities to bureaucracy public administration system. One of that, what ROK have to focusing on comparative public adminstration, firstly is historical background. ROK grew up as much as people call to “Four Dragons of Asia” in 1970s, wether they go through Korean war in 1950 under the Conflict the
1. Legacy of Colonial Period and Geopolitical Importance
Colonial Legacy and Institutional Structure
The Philippines reformed their institution and system by Spain and the United States during the colonial period. However, the US failed to make an efficient administrative organization.
South Korean institution was highly influenced by Japan and US army military government. => Japan st
IV. Administrative Systems in North Korea
At first, North Korea established a ‘people’s republic constitution’ in 1948. In December 1972, they adopted a ‘socialist constitution’ at the first session of the fifth Supreme People's Assembly. In April 1992, they reformed it(old socialist constitution) at the third session of the ninth Supreme People's Assembly. In 1998, they drastically a
Korean pension system.
Each AFP set minimum rate of return and make a safety device for net getting enough rate of return.
For treating enormous asset, AFP have very important roles so government has restricted and supervised strictly by setting some law and making SAFP.
The public wanted to pay less in working ages and get more in retired
These mechanism has an effect on the politic